First, how many foreign observers of the deportations, including Germans and Austrians who were allied to the Turks, did conclude that the intention was to kill, not just deport.

• 其一，流放事件中有多少外籍观察员（包括与土耳其结盟的德国、奥地利的观察员）认定为此次行动的目的是为屠杀而非驱逐出境。