Each patient had an epidural catheter placed for postoperative pain control.A radial artery and internal jugular cannula were placed for assessment of hemodynamics and arterial blood gas (ABG).

• 每位患者都有一个硬膜外导管可用来控制手术后的疼痛，桡动脉与颈内导管则用来评估血液动力学与动脉血氧分析（ABG）。