Directory services, also key component of current network operating systems, are being redefined by the Directory Enabled Network (DEN) initiative spearheaded by Cisco Systems in conjunction with Microsoft.

• 目录服务也是当前网络操作系统的一项关键内容，它也正在由目录驱动网络（DEN）倡议书进行重新定义，该倡议书由Cisco系统公司与微软公司一起挑头提出。