Darkness is often used to describe the Middle Age, during which the universities came into being and developed through the successive struggles against the Church of Rome and secular feudal lords.

• 提起中世纪，人们往往用“黑暗”来形容，可大学就在那个时代通过与罗马教会和世俗封建主的不懈斗争才形成并发展起来。