Clonal hierarchical selection models of L. virgaurea and L. sagitta included four hierarchies: clonal fragment, root of ramet, ramet and genet.

• 黄帚橐吾和箭叶橐吾的克隆等级选择模型包括克隆片断(无效根状茎)，分株根系和完整分株及基株四个等级。