Cell, as well as organisms, have several ways to defend themselves against injuries and stress. Heat shock response (HSR) , or stress response , is perhaps the oldest and most conserved form of reaction to stress .

• 细胞和生物体在漫长的进化过程中，产生了一系列抵御外来损伤和刺激的防御措施，其中热休克反应(Heat Shock Response，HSR)自60年代国外学者发现以来，一直成为各领域研究的热门话题。