CCD star sensor with a high accurary and precise mathematical model of starlight passing through the upper atmosphere is used to indirectly sense ths earth horizon, such that the attitude and orbit of the satellite can be accurately determine.

• 这种导航方案利用高精度的CCD星敏感器，结合星光穿越大气的较精确的数学模型，来间接敏感地平，从而实现对卫星的精确定位和定姿。