By using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, it has been found that the interdiffusion of Mn atoms, responsible for the decrease of TMR during the annealing process, is suppressed across such nano-oxide layer.

• 通过卢瑟福背散射实验直接观察到产生这一效应的原因是该纳米氧化层有效地抑制了Mn元素在退火过程中的扩散；从而使TMR值在较高的退火温度下得以保持.