By putting forward a theory of causal naming, Kripkerefuted Russell?s theory of descriptions in the realm of model logic ,and he denied that propernames have sense but insisted that their references are determined by causal chains.

• 克里普克则在模态逻辑体系内展开了对罗素的摹状词理论的指责，提出了因果命名理论，否认专名有含义，其指称是通过因果链条来确定的。