Behind the prosperous production and management of modern Kailuan Mines,coal calamities broke out constantly and were hard to stop,and the heavy casualties were astonishing.

• 近代开滦煤矿在其生产经营繁荣的背后,矿难却是频发不断、难以遏止,矿难造成的惨重伤亡更是让人触目惊心。