Background: Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is an important cause of renal failure.However, the clinical presentation is usually not specific and under-diagnosed.

• 背景：肾小管间质肾炎是造成肾衰竭一个重要的原因，然而因为它的临床症状不明显，很容易被忽略掉，而造成临床诊断率下降。