BACKGROUND: Various types of artificial anal sphincter turn up as a new way to treat anal incontinence.There are many shortcomings of them, so the exploration and improvement remain to be done.

• 摘要背景：各种类型人工肛门括约肌的出现，为肛门失禁开创出一条新的治疗途径，同时也存在许多不足之处，仍需要探索和改进。