At this time of national disaster and intensified clashes between indigenous and Western cultures and as the traditional Chinese religions struggled for survival, Protestantism and Catholicism made large-scale inroads into China.

• 中国传统宗教在国难当头和中西文化冲突的夹缝中挣扎，这时基督教（Protestantism）和天主教（Catholicism）却大规模传入中国。