As they are bounded by the complex designs, high-costs, long development cycles and difficulties of implementing the software, their designs and operations are not much flexible.

• 这类仪器硬件电路设计复杂，硬件成本高，设计周期长，而且仪器的功能和性能受到硬件的约束，如探伤仪难以直接判断缺陷的性质，升级需要从硬件着手等。