As the supernatural concepts of Confucianism develop and change, two opposite views of ghost and god flow into mainstream, and yet both of them hold that ghost and god are immortal.

• 摘要儒教的鬼神观念有一个发展变化的过程，最终两种对立的鬼神观成为主流，但都认为鬼神是不死的灵魂。