As investors have discovered over the past year, investments like emerging-market stocks, real-estate investment trusts and high-yield junk bonds can post horrifying short-term losses.

• 正如投资者们在过去一年中所发现的一样，向新兴市场股票、房地产投资信托和高收益的垃圾债券等投资可能会在短期带来令人震惊的巨额损失。