Another approach taken to raise antitumor immune responses has been to usecytokine-expressing tumor cells as vaccines, which in turn have paracrine effects on Tcells or APCs.

• 另一个重要的提升T细胞抗肿瘤免疫反应的策略是以分泌细胞因子的肿瘤细胞作为肿瘤疫苗，通过对T细胞和APC产生旁分泌效应，达到抗肿瘤的目的。