Angiotonics was properly used in earlier period of shock and both vasodilator agent and positive inotropic were together used in late period of shock based on fluid expansion.

• 休克早期适当使用血管收缩药，休克晚期在扩容的基础上选用扩血管和正性肌力药物联合应用，术中纠正酸中毒和电解质紊乱，合理使用抗生素和止血药物，保护肾功能，防止肺水肿。