All cementitious or cement-based materials are membrane-like, including hardened cement paste(HCP), mortar and concrete,which is in nature related to the characteristics of HCP.

• 包括水泥浆、水泥砂浆和混凝土在内的水泥质/基材料，均具有类似薄膜材料的特性，这种特性与水泥石的性质密切相关。