After the debate between Shanjia and Shanwai about the teaching of Tian-tai school in the early Song, Shanjia becomes the representation of the orthodox Tian-tai school, and Shanwai is the derogatory denomination for other monks of Tian-tai.

• 摘要宋朝初年天台宗内发生了一场被称为“山家山外之争”的论辩，在这场论争之后，“山家”一称逐渐成为天台宗正统的代名词，而“山外”则成为针对非正统天台僧的贬称。