According to tradition they were written by Vyasa at the end of Dvapara Yuga, while modern scholarship dates them to the latter half of the first millennium AD.

• 依照传统，它们是在都瓦帕尔年代（青铜年代）的末期由毗耶娑编写，现代学者则把它认定为公元后头一个千禧年的下半叶。