According to Xiang, given the complicated international and domestic economic environments, China has since 1998 introduced a series of macro-economic control measures centering on the practice of a moderately expansive, or pro-active, fiscal policy.

• 项怀诚说，1998年以来，中国经济在面临复杂的国际国内经济环境情况下，开始实施了以适度扩张的财政政策（即积极的财政政策）为主要内容的一系列宏观经济调控措施。