A subtle means of expropriation through expanding taxes, restrictive labor legislation, labor strikes, withholding work permits, import restrictions, price controls, and tariff policies.

• 爬行国有化是指通过扩大税收、限制劳动立法、组织劳工罢工、扣留工作许可证、限制进口、控制价格以及修改关税政策等隐蔽手法而达到征用或没收资产的政府行为。