A member of a secret society in China that unsuccessfully attempted in 1900 to drive foreigners from the country by violence and force Chinese Christians to renounce their religion.

• 义和团分子中国秘密组织成员，该组织曾于1900年试图用暴力将外国人驱逐出去并迫使中国基督徒放弃他们的宗教信仰，但以失败告终。