19世纪发展出了皮下注射的针剂和海洛因,效力比吗啡高出五到十倍,麻醉镇痛药的使用和滥用情况剧烈增加。

• "With the development in the 19th century of the hypodermic needle and of heroin, five to 10 times as potent as morphine, the use and abuse of narcotics increased dramatically."