经济学家倾向于把一个竞争和自由的市场，当成一个以“有效”的方式分配稀有资源的一种理想方法。 也就是说，目的是为了把产品的全部价值极限化。

• Economists tend to view a competitive or free market as the preferred means of allocating scarce resources in an "efficient" manner, that is, so as to maximize the total value of production.