尿生成的三个环节；肾小球滤过机制、影响肾小球滤过的因素；渗透性利尿和球管平衡；抗利尿激素的作用和调节。

• The three pathways of urine formation; Glomerular filtration and The influencing factors of glomerular filtration; Osmotic diuresis and glomerulotubular balance; Function and regulation of ADH.